The AETR is the European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles engaged in International Road Transport, dated 1970 and administered by UNECE. Inside the EU, the EEA and Switzerland, Regulation 561/2006 applies; once a journey leaves that area, the AETR takes over.
Its main limits are aligned with the EU regulation: 4.5 h driving then a 45 min break, 9 h daily, 56 h weekly. When you plan a trip to Turkey, Ukraine or the Balkans, the tachograph and the rules barely change, but the applicable instrument does.
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