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The law · International

CTU Code and VGM

IMO/ILO/UNECE Code of Practice for Packing of Cargo Transport Units (CTU Code, 2014); SOLAS Chapter VI, Regulation 2 (verified gross mass)

Last review · July 15, 2026

What it is

The CTU Code is the joint IMO, ILO and UNECE code of practice on how to pack and secure cargo in containers, swap bodies and trailers: weight distribution, centre of gravity, blocking and lashing, and the responsibilities of the packer.

SOLAS regulation VI/2 adds the verified gross mass: since 1 July 2016 no packed container may be loaded on a ship without a VGM declared by the shipper.

Where it applies

Any country: the CTU Code is a code of practice referenced by inspectors, insurers and courts worldwide; the VGM rule binds every SOLAS flag state and every port.

What to know

  1. 01Distribute the load so that no more than 60 % of the cargo weight is in one half of the unit (the 60/40 rule) and the centre of gravity stays within ±5 % of the length centre.
  2. 02Never exceed the payload on the container’s CSC plate, nor the road limits of the countries the box crosses.
  3. 03Secure every piece against the forces of the sea leg: blocking, bracing, lashing, and friction alone is not enough.
  4. 04VGM Method 1: weigh the packed and sealed container; Method 2: sum the mass of every package, packing material and dunnage, plus the tare on the container door.
  5. 05The shipper named on the bill of lading is responsible for the VGM and must communicate it in time for the ship’s stowage plan.
  6. 06Without a VGM the terminal will not load the container — there is no exemption.

Who needs to know it

  • Shippers and packers, who are responsible for what is inside and how it is secured.
  • Forwarders who declare the VGM to the carrier on the shipper’s behalf.
  • Air and sea students: containers and VGM are examined blocks.

An informative summary, not legal advice. Always check the current text of the rule before deciding.